Presentation – English Colonies / Colonial Society
Aufgabe:
Ein Vortrag über die Englischen Kolonien in Amerika halten.
Subdivision:
– Foundation of the first colonies/ The beginning of English colonialism
– Text – Jamestown
– Mayflower Compact
– Classification of the colonies( economy, society,…)
– Administration of the colonies
– Frensh and Indian War
– Desire for independence
<Foundation of the first colonies
– 1496/97 John Cabot discovers, seizes parts of Newfoundland, Canada
–>first seasonal colony (fishing) – 1579 Francis Drake àseizes „Nova Albion“ (north american coast; california)
– 1583 Humphrey Gilbert founds first official Engl. colony : Saint John’s (Newfoundland)
– 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh founds Roanoke (Virginia) both didn’t exist a long period of time (starvation, maritime disasters, storms)
– 17. century –> trials of permanent colonies
– settlers, out of work in England
– adventurers (gold, sea route to India)
– traders, that wanted to become rich
– christianize native inhabitans
– Around 1700: many widespread Engl. Settlements along the Eastcoast
Classification of the colonies
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Commonalities:
– Engl. Motherland
– feeling proud and special, because they’re developing the land
– partial congregationalism as a pol. feature
Administration of the colonies
Royal governor
– instrument of the Motherland
– set in by Engl king
representation of the people
– instrument of self-management, chosen by land
– owning men: right to a say for taxes and legislation
–> partial congregationalism
– self-management of the comunity: especially puritanically conception
– basis for latter conflicts with Engl. Motherland
French and Indian War
– France: Canada and Louisiana
– Between 1689 and1815: several war between F and E
– North America got involved
– 1756 Frensh and Indian War (7 years)
– William Pitt (Primeminister) invested soldiers and money and won an empire
– Louisburg 1758; Quebec 1759; 1760 Montreal
– Peace of Parisà B receives Canada and all territories in the east of the Mississippi
Desire for independence
– War lead to conflict with colonies
– E in debt
– Avoid conflicts with indiansàrestriction to settle down in the west of the Appalachian Mountains
– E began to punish smugglers
– Taxes on tea, coffee textils and other imports
– Quartering Act
– Stamp Act [class]
=Colonies should pay for the war fought for them.
Americans were afraid, that the taxes etc will handicap the trade and economy and thougt will destroy their civil rights
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– Colonies wanted to control the system of taxation, which supports their government
– No taxation without representation
– 1765 Stamp Act Congress (repr. From 9 col.)
– brit. Parliament had to take the stamp act back, but taxed Tea and other goods
– sent costums officers to Boston
– Am. refused to obey->Britain sent troops
– Tensions decreased when all taxation beside the tax on tea were abolished
– Boston Tea party [class]
– British parliament –> Intolerable Acts
– Independence of Massachusetts government was limited, Port closed
– More soldiers
– 1774 Continental Congress in Phil.
– Boycott brit. Trade, disobey Intolerable acts
– Colonists began to collect weapons and munition and organize an army