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Presentation - English Colonies / Colonial Society
Aufgabe:
Ein Vortrag über die Englischen Kolonien in Amerika halten.
Subdivision:
- Foundation of the first colonies/ The beginning of English colonialism
- Text - Jamestown
- Mayflower Compact
- Classification of the colonies( economy, society,…)
- Administration of the colonies
- Frensh and Indian War
- Desire for independence
Foundation of the first colonies
- 1496/97 John Cabot discovers, seizes parts of Newfoundland, Canada
-->first seasonal colony (fishing) - 1579 Francis Drake àseizes "Nova Albion" (north american coast; california)
- 1583 Humphrey Gilbert founds first official Engl. colony : Saint John's (Newfoundland)
- 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh founds Roanoke (Virginia) both didn't exist a long period of time (starvation, maritime disasters, storms)
- 17. century --> trials of permanent colonies
- settlers, out of work in England
- adventurers (gold, sea route to India)
- traders, that wanted to become rich
- christianize native inhabitans
- Around 1700: many widespread Engl. Settlements along the Eastcoast
Classification of the colonies
| The Colonies in New England (Connecticut, Masachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine) | The Middle Colonies (Maryland, Delaware, New York, Pennsylvenia, New Jersey) | The Southern "Plantation-colonies" (Virginia, Carolina and Georgia) | |
| history | - First settlers: Puritans/Pilgrims (Mayflower 1620) - found Plymouth near Cape Cod --> Foundation of Massachusetts Bay Company - Province of Maine 1622 by the Plymouth Council for New England - Massachusetts 1630 by John Winthropà1630 Boston - Rhode Island 1636 by Roger Williams - Connecticut 1636 by Thomas Hooker - New Hampshire 1638 by John Wheelwright |
- Dutchmen founded first bases (rivers in Hudson and DelawareàNew Netherlands) - Foundation of new Amsterdam - (bought from indians) - Settlements of scandinavians - All taken over by E (1664-1667) - New York 1626 by Peter Minuit - Maryland 1633 by Lord Baltimore - Delaware 1638 by Peter Minuit - New Jersey 1664 by English colonists - Pennsylvania 1682 by William Penn |
- 1607 Jamestown first permanent colony - During 17. century: England wants to intensify trade with America - Colonies on caribbean Islands: Dominique, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, Barbados - Virginia 1607 by John Smith and others, at Jamestown - North Carolina1653 by Virginia colonists - South Carolina 1663 by English colonists - Georgia 1732 by James Oglethorpe |
| motivation | - keep their family together - practice their own religion. |
- practice their own religion (Pennsylvania mainly) - to make money - no families --> perfect workers |
- to make money - economical reasons |
| economy | - farming and fishing communities - grew much of their own food - Crops like corn and wheat - Boston - major New England port. - butter and beef - Coats(beginning |
- part agriculture, part industrial - grains grew on farms in Pennsylvania and New York - Factories in Maryland produced iron, and factories in Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles. - Trade with England was plentiful |
- entirely agricultural - plantation of tobacco, rice, sugar cane, cotton, indigo - Slavery 1619 - More important for England |
| society | - Large middle class - Many immigrants(especially in the Middle ColoniesàGermans Dutchmen, scandinavians) - pure European settlements |
like New England | - Kind of aristocracy (white farmers) ruling - 1700 Slaves majority - most people (50% of America) |
| religion | - Massachusetts: Puritansàstrict religious life - Roger Wiliams: Rhode Islandà religious tolerance, seperation gov.<-->rel. - Maryland(Catholics), Pennsylvenia(Quaker) : religious tolerance |
like New England | - Mostly Anglican |
Commonalities:
- Engl. Motherland
- feeling proud and special, because they're developing the land
- partial congregationalism as a pol. feature
Administration of the colonies
Royal governor
- instrument of the Motherland
- set in by Engl king
representation of the people
- instrument of self-management, chosen by land
- owning men: right to a say for taxes and legislation
--> partial congregationalism
- self-management of the comunity: especially puritanically conception
- basis for latter conflicts with Engl. Motherland
French and Indian War
- France: Canada and Louisiana
- Between 1689 and1815: several war between F and E
- North America got involved
- 1756 Frensh and Indian War (7 years)
- William Pitt (Primeminister) invested soldiers and money and won an empire
- Louisburg 1758; Quebec 1759; 1760 Montreal
- Peace of Parisà B receives Canada and all territories in the east of the Mississippi
Desire for independence
- War lead to conflict with colonies
- E in debt
- Avoid conflicts with indiansàrestriction to settle down in the west of the Appalachian Mountains
- E began to punish smugglers
- Taxes on tea, coffee textils and other imports
- Quartering Act
- Stamp Act [class]
=Colonies should pay for the war fought for them.
Americans were afraid, that the taxes etc will handicap the trade and economy and thougt will destroy their civil rights
- Colonies wanted to control the system of taxation, which supports their government
- No taxation without representation
- 1765 Stamp Act Congress (repr. From 9 col.)
- brit. Parliament had to take the stamp act back, but taxed Tea and other goods
- sent costums officers to Boston
- Am. refused to obey->Britain sent troops
- Tensions decreased when all taxation beside the tax on tea were abolished
- Boston Tea party [class]
- British parliament --> Intolerable Acts
- Independence of Massachusetts government was limited, Port closed
- More soldiers
- 1774 Continental Congress in Phil.
- Boycott brit. Trade, disobey Intolerable acts
- Colonists began to collect weapons and munition and organize an army